{"id":4541,"date":"2019-08-28T17:41:03","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T15:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=4541"},"modified":"2020-10-02T21:29:14","modified_gmt":"2020-10-02T19:29:14","slug":"%d8%a6%db%8c%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%88-%d8%b3%db%95%db%8c%d8%af-%d9%82%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=4541","title":{"rendered":"\u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

–\u00a0 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0643 –<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u06d5\u062d\u0645\u06d5\u062f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u0644\u06d5 (\u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\n\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628)\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631  \u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06d5\u0643\u06ce\u0643\n\u0644\u06d5 \u06af\u0631\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06cc\u06c6\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628\u06d5\n(1906 – \u0661\u0669\u0666\u0666).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u0627\u0646\u06cc\n(1933 \u0628\u06c6 1948)\u060c \u0695\u06c6\u0644\u06ce\u0643\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0698\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0643\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u06af\u06ce\u0695\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0648 \u0644\u06d5\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u062f\u0627\n\u0648\u06d5\u0643 \u0632\u06c6\u0631\u06ce\u0643\u06cc \u0632\u06c6\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u0628\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0698\u06ce\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0695\u06ce\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06d5\n\u0641\u06cc\u0643\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06cc\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u0643\u06cc\u00a0 \u062f\u06cc\u0643\u06d5\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u00ab\u00a0\u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u06d5\u0631\u00a0\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u060c 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u060c 1947\u060c \u062f\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u06d5\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\n\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u06c6\u0686\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0634\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06c6\u0698\u06d5 \u06af\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u06cc \u00ab\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u00a0\u00bb\n\u0643\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0634\u062a \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06d5\u0648 \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u0627\u06b5\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06d5 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643\u06ce\u0643 \u0644\u06d5 \u062a\u06d5\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06d5 \u06af\u0631\u0646\u06af\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc\n\u0642\u0648\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u0631\u06ce\u062a. \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u0643\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0643\u06d5\u0634 \u062a\u06d5\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u00ab\u00a0\u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 \u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0643\u0627\u00a0\u00bb…\n \u0626\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06d5 \u0648\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u06d5\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\n\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0648\u06d5\u062e\u062a\u06d5 \u0695\u0648\u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u06d5 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc 1948 \u0695\u0648\u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0645 (Uncle Sam)\n\u062f\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u062f\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06ce\u0643\u06d5 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0686\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0643\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06cc \u0643\u06d5 \u0695\u06c6\u06cc\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0648. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc 1948\n\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06c6\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u0643\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0695\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u06d5\u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062a\u06cc\u06c6\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06ce\u0643\u06cc \u0626\u0633\u0648\u06b5\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0695\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.\n\u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0643\u06d5 \u0695\u06c6\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u06cc \u0695\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u00ab\u00a0\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0643\u00a0\u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0648 \u0643\u06d5 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u00ab\u00a0\u0623\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u00a0\u00bb\u06cc\n\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc\n\u06af\u06d5\u0695\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u06ce\u0643\u06d5\u06b5 \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a. \u0626\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u0695\u06d5\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06c6\u0633\u062a\u06ce\u0643\u06cc\n\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06af\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u060c \u0648\u06d5\u0644\u06ce\u200c \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u06c6\u0631\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5 (1948)\u060c \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\n\u0643\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0643\u062a\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0695\u06ce\u0643\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0698\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06d5\u0633\u0643\u06cc\n\u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0646\u06d5\u0633\u0643\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u0643\u06d5 \u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06d5 (\u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0643\u06c6\u062f\u06ce\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627) \u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0631\u06c6\u0643\u06cc\n\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0698\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06d5 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u067e\u0695 \u0643\u06ce\u0634\u0645\u06d5\u0643\u06ce\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u06d5\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\n(1952-1966) \u0643\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u06ce\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0695\u06ce\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u06af\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u0644\u0648\u062a\u0643\u06d5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0643\u06c6\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0643\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0634 \u0643\u06d5 (\u062f\u0643\u062a\u06c6\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0626\u06d5\u0644\u0645\u06d5\u0648\u0644\u0627) \u0628\u06d5 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06d5\u0645 \u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0627. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f\n\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628\u200c \u0648 \u062d\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u06d5\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0628\u0646\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06af\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0648 \u062c\u06c6\u0631\u06d5\u06cc \u0643\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\n(\u0645\u06d5\u0634\u062e\u06d5\u06b5\u06cc \u0695\u06ce\u200c)  \u00a0\u00bb\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u00a0\u00bb\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0633\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0648\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062d\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0632\u06d5\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u06c6 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 \u00ab\u00a0\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629\n\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 – \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0646. \u0628\u06d5 \u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u0643\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06c6 \u0632\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0643\u062a\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c  \u0628\u06d5 \u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0698\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n
\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0645\u0647\u200c\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u06ce\u0643\u06c6\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u0631<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
–\u00a0 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0643 – \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u06d5\u062d\u0645\u06d5\u062f \u0695\u06ce\u0643\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0643\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc 1928\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u06ce\u062e \u062d\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u0632\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0626\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669). \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0645 \u0695\u06ce\u0643\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06d5\u0648 \u0628\u06d5 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0643\u06cc \u062a\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u0631\u06ce\u062a. \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u06d5\u0644\u0627\u0641\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc (1918) …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-162"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 - transcultures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=4541\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 - transcultures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"–\u00a0 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0643 – \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0626\u06d5\u062d\u0645\u06d5\u062f \u0695\u06ce\u0643\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0643\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc 1928\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u06ce\u062e \u062d\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u0632\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0626\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669). \u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06d5\u0643\u06d5\u0645 \u0695\u06ce\u0643\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06d5\u0648 \u0628\u06d5 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0643\u06cc \u062a\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06d5\u0643\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u0631\u06ce\u062a. \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u06d5\u0644\u0627\u0641\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc (1918) …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=4541\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"transcultures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-08-28T15:41:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-02T19:29:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646-\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f-\u0642\u0637\u0628.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"219\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"230\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"transcultures\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"transcultures\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=4541\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=4541\",\"name\":\"\u0626\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0628 - 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