{"id":10441,"date":"2026-10-19T17:35:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T15:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=10441"},"modified":"2026-10-19T17:35:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T15:35:43","slug":"%d8%ae%d9%88%d9%88%db%95%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%85%db%8e%d8%b4%da%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%db%8e%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%b1%db%95%d9%86%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3-%d8%a8%db%95%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=10441","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06ce\u0634\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u06d5\u06cc\u06a9\u06c6\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Photo by Europeana<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff11<\/strong>–<\/strong> \u0631\u06d5\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0648\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\uff12<\/strong>–<\/strong> \u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u06c6\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062e\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0642\u06b5 \u0646\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0695\u0627\u0646\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06d5\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06b5\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u0634 \u0648 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u0695\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0627. \u0632\u06c6\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6\u0686\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0648\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0639\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06ce\u0634\u0648\u06d5\u062e\u062a\u06d5\u06cc \u0632\u06c6\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0648\u067e\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5: \u06a9\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0695\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u06c6\u0686\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06ce\u06a9 \u062f\u06d5\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u06d5\u062f\u06c6\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u0646!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0648\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0634 \u0647\u06c6\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06d5\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u06c6\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0695\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d5. \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d5 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0648\u06ce\u0698 \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u062a\u06ce\u06af\u06d5\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a \u0628\u06d5 \u062c\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u062a!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\uff13<\/strong>–<\/strong> \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06ce\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0648\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u06a9\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Photo by Bertrand Colombo<\/a> on Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062c\u06ce\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u06af\u0631\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5<\/strong>.<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0646\u06c6 \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u06ce\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u06c6\u0695\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06d5\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u062a\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u06ce\u0646. \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0634\u062a\u06af\u06d5\u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06d5\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0646\u06d5\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06d5 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5: \u0626\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06ce\u062a \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0628\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06d5 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648 \u0647\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n

\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u06c6\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0641\u06d5\u0644\u0633\u06d5\u0641\u06d5\u06cc \u0631\u06d5\u062e\u0646\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subscribe to Nawzad Jamal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

My personal Substack \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06d5 \u0641\u06d5\u0644\u0633\u06d5\u0641\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0644\u06d5 \u062c\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06c6 \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u06c6 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u062f\u06c6\u0632\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u201d \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645 \u0644\u06d5 \u062c\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u06b5\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0646: \u0631\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06ce\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u0647\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0686\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5 \u0648 \u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0633\u062a. \u0626\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06c6\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u06ce\u0698\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u06d5\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405,152],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-405","category-152"],"yoast_head":"\n\u062e\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06ce\u0634\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u06d5\u06cc\u06a9\u06c6\u0646 - transcultures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=10441\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062e\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06ce\u0634\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u06d5\u06cc\u06a9\u06c6\u0646 - transcultures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0644\u06d5 \u062c\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06c6 \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u06c6 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u062f\u06c6\u0632\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u201d \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0645 \u0644\u06d5 \u062c\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u06b5\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0646: \u0631\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06ce\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u0647\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0686\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5 \u0648 \u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0633\u062a. \u0626\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06c6\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u06ce\u0698\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u06d5\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=10441\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"transcultures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-19T15:35:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-19T15:35:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rubylia-hand-2208491_1920.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"transcultures\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"transcultures\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trans-cultures.fr\\\/?p=10441#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trans-cultures.fr\\\/?p=10441\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"transcultures\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trans-cultures.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/feef84fb5b9564f271702382fb0f2ca8\"},\"headline\":\"\u062e\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06ce\u0634\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06ce\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0633 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