{"id":10061,"date":"2025-08-10T10:20:34","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T08:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=10061"},"modified":"2025-08-10T10:20:35","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T08:20:35","slug":"%d8%b3%d8%aa%db%95%d9%85%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c%db%8c%d8%8c-%d8%af%db%8c%d9%88%db%8e%da%a9%db%8c-%d8%aa%d8%b1%db%8c-%da%af%d9%88%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%db%95%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/?p=10061","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>\u062f. \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"> *<strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u06c6\u0631\u06ce\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0631\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">**<strong>\u00ab\u00a0\u0634\u06c6\u0695\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u06ce \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u06c6\u0695\u0634 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0646\u06d5\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u06ce\u062a\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u067e\u06ce\u06a9<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u06d5\u0645 \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06d5\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u06af\u0648\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0634\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645. \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u062e\u06c6\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0686\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06ce\u062a\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0698\u062e\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u06d5\u0633\u06b5\u06d5\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0648\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\u0695\u06ce\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0686\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646. \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06ce\u06a9\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u067e\u06d5\u0695\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d5. \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u0646\u06d5 \u062e\u06c6\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/tunnel-PIRO4D.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10070\" style=\"width:576px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/tunnel-PIRO4D.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/tunnel-PIRO4D-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/tunnel-PIRO4D-1024x534.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/tunnel-PIRO4D-768x400.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc &lsquo;\u0633\u06cc\u0632\u0641&rsquo;\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0686\u06ce\u062a\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0698\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u06ce \u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06ce\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0633\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5 \u06af\u06ce\u0698\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u06d5\u062e\u0646\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u06af\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0626\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0698\u06ce\u0646\u0631\u06ce\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u06ce\u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0686\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0686\u06ce\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u06b5\u06ce\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u062a \u0644\u06d5 \u0631\u0627\u06af\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0626\u06d5\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5. \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0628\u06d5\u062a\u060c \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0698\u062e\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u062f\u0648\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u06ce\u062a. \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06c6\u06cc\u06d5\u060c \u06a9\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u0645 \u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u067e\u06ce\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 (\u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u06d5\u0647\u06d5\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u062a\u062f) \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u062e\u0627\u06b5\u06ce\u06a9\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u062f\u06d5\u06af\u0631\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5: \u062a\u06ce\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0686\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0647\u06c6\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06ce\u062a \u06a9\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06ce \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0646\u06d5\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0646. \u0633\u06b5\u06d5\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u062e\u06c6\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06ce\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u0646\u06ce\u062a. \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d5 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06ce\u06a9 \u0632\u06c6\u0631 \u0644\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0626\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0698\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06d5 \u0644\u06c6\u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5. \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0634 \u0626\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u062e\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06ce\u06cc \u0645\u06d5\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d5\u060c \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0695\u06c6 \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0646\u06d5\u0631\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06d5\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u062a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u06d5\u062c\u06ce\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u06c6\u0632\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0646. \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u062e\u06c6\u0634\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u060c \u0644\u06d5\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0698\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0648 \u0686\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06c6\u0634\u06d5\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u06c6\u0695\u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/sunrise--1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10065\" style=\"width:619px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/sunrise--1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/sunrise--300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/sunrise--768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/sunrise--310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/sunrise-.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06ce\u06a9 \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u06d5 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0695\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u062a \u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06cc &lsquo;\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc&rsquo;\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0644\u06d5\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0663 \u06a9\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>. \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0695\u06c6 \u067e\u0627\u0634 (\u0661\u0665)\u0633\u0627\u06b5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0695\u06ce\u0645\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645 \u0632\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u06ce\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06ce\u0646\u06d5 (\u06a9\u06c6\u0646\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u0633\u062a) \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u06d5\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06cc \u0626\u06ce\u0645\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5 \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u0645\u0648\u0648 \u0634\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5. \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06ce\u0645 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0661- \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06c6\u0631\u060c \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06cc \u0647\u06ce\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u06a9\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 (\u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u062a\u062f) \u0647\u06d5\u0645 \u0628\u06c6 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06d5 \u0646\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0695\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06ce\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u060c \u0647\u06d5\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u06a9\u06c6\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06ce\u0628\u06a9\u0631\u06ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0662-&nbsp; \u0628\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06a9\u06d5\u0631\u06d5 \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 ( \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0627\/ \u0631\u06c6\u0698\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u06a9 \u062e\u06ce\u06b5 \u0648\u06d5\u06a9 \u0698\u06ce\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u06ce\u0632 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0663- \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u06c6\u0631\u062e\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06d5\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0647\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0695\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06ce\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u06a9\u0645\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06d5. \u0626\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u06d5 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06d5\u062a\u060c \u0646\u06d5 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0646\u06d5 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u0646\u06ce\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u06ce\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06d5\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0664- \u0628\u06d5\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u06ce\u0632 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6 \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631. \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0626\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06b5\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0648\u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06ce\u0645 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06d5\u0646. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0645\u06ce\u0646\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u060c \u0646\u06d5\u06a9 \u062e\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5! \u0644\u06ce\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a \u062c\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u0631\u06ce\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u06c6\u0631\u062e\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062e\u06c6\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/screw-.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10066\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/screw-.jpg 640w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/screw--300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0632\u06c6\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0646: \u0686\u06c6\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u06c6\u0686\u06cc \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u06ce\u060c \u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u062f\u0627 \u0632\u06c6\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0695\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u061f \u0631\u06ce\u0633\u0627\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u0633\u06c6\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\u0695\u06ce\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc. \u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06d5\u067e\u06ce\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06d5 \u0631\u06ce\u06af\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0698\u06d5\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5\u062e\u06c6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u062a \u0628\u06d5 \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u06ce\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u06d5\u0646. \u0628\u06d5\u0695\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0642\u06cc (\u06a9\u06d5\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc\u06d5) \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06cc \u00a0\u00bb\u062f\u06b5\u0695\u06d5\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u00a0\u00bb<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>&lsquo;\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u06d5\u062a\u06d5: \u0628\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u06d5\u06a9 \u0628\u06d5 \u067e\u06ce\u0686\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0628\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0648\u060c \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u06b5\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u06ce\u0634 \u0645\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc\u06d5 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u06d5\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u06d5\u06cc\u0644\u06d5\u0633\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06ce\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u06d5\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5 \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u06d5<a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>. \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06ce\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5 \u062a\u06ce\u0632\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06ce\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0626\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5. \u0631\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06d5\u060c \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u062a\u06ce\u0632\u06d5\u0634 \u0644\u06d5 \u0686\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0631\u0627\u06a4\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u06c6\u0632\u0631\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u06d5\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u06ce\u0632\u06cc \u00ab\u00a0\u062e\u06c6\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0643\u06c6\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0646\u00a0\u00bb\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc (\u0626\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627 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\u067e\u06ce\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0644\u06d5\u0645 \u0631\u06c6\u0698\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc&rsquo;\u06cc \u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc &lsquo;\u062f\u0698\u06cc \u0628\u06ce\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u06af\u06cc&rsquo; \u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0667 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5- \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0642\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u063a\u06a9\u0631\u0627- \u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u06d5\u0628\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0631\u06c6\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0628\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0631 \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u06b5\u06ce\u06a9 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06d5 \u0648\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u062a\u0627 \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0695\u06c6\u0634 \u0628\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u062a\u0644\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06d5\u062e\u06d5\u0646 \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06cc \u0626\u06ce\u0645\u06d5 \u06af\u06ce\u0698\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u06a9\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\u062c\u06ce\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06d5\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> &nbsp;\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u06d5\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u0631\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u06d5\u0641\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0663 \u0648 \u0647\u062a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> &lsquo;\u0641\u06d5\u0644\u0633\u06d5\u0641\u06d5 \u0648 \u0642\u06d5\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646'(\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0669 \u0644\u0663\u0668\u0669)\u060c &lsquo;\u0626\u06c6\u0646\u062a\u06c6\u0644\u06c6\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc&rsquo; (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0663) \u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u06d5\u0647\u0627 &lsquo;\u0698\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc&rsquo; (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664) \u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0665<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u062a\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0632\u06c6\u0631\u06ce\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5\u0648 \u0641\u06d5\u06cc\u0644\u06d5\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u060c \u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06ce \u0628\u06af\u06d5\u0695\u06ce\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06c6\u06cc\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u0626\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06c6\u06cc\u0633\u06ce: \u062e\u06c6\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0643\u06c6\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0646, \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0649 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u200c\u0686\u06cc\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0647\u200c, \u0648\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06af\u06ce\u0695\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u06ce\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0644\u0649 &amp; \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0647\u200c\u0643\u06cc\u0645- \u062f\u06d5\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0649 2005. \u0626\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06c6\u06cc\u0633\u06ce: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0660.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Thomas Paine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Burke<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a id=\"_ftn9\" href=\"#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais (1483\u20131553) \u00ab moutons de Panurge \u00bb<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_ftn10\" href=\"#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> \u0686\u06cc\u0631\u06c6\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5: \u0644\u06d5 \u06af\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0626\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0698 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d5\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0686\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0648\u0686\u0646\u06c6\u06a9\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06b5\u0695\u06d5\u0642 &lsquo;\u062f\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06c6&rsquo; \u0628\u06d5 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0695\u06ce\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0698 \u0626\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06ce \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u0646\u06ce\u062a. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u0646\u0631\u062e\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u06c6\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u0628\u06a9\u0695\u06ce\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0648\u0686\u0646\u06c6\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06c6\u06cc \u06af\u0695\u062f\u0627. \u0626\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u06d5\u0632\u0645\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06ce\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u067e\u06ce\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061b \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06ce \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0698 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0695\u06ce\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0626\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u06d5\u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0695\u06ce\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0686\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u06c6\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u06ce\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u06c6\u0634\u06cc \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u0645\u06d5\u0695\u06ce\u06a9\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>*<\/strong> M. Aurelius, Meditations, p 127. The Modern Library 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>**  \u062c\u06c6\u0631\u062c \u0626\u06c6\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06b5 \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0664<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Images: https:\/\/pixabay.com\/fr\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EvgeniT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PIRO4D<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sunrise-<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>screw-<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MSchildermans<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:24% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"345\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Nawzad-Jamad.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10030 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Nawzad-Jamad.jpg 345w, https:\/\/trans-cultures.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Nawzad-Jamad-244x300.jpg 244w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u062f. \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u06c6\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0641\u06d5\u0644\u0633\u06d5\u0641\u06d5\u06cc \u0631\u06d5\u062e\u0646\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u0646\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u0644 *\u00ab\u00a0\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u06c6\u0631\u06ce\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0631\u00a0\u00bb **\u00ab\u00a0\u0634\u06c6\u0695\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u06ce \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u06c6\u0695\u0634 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0646\u06d5\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u06ce\u062a\u00a0\u00bb \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u067e\u06ce\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5\u0645 \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06d5\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06d5 \u06af\u0648\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0634\u0631\u06c6\u06a4\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645. \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u062e\u06c6\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0686\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u06ce\u062a\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u062f\u0631\u06ce\u0698\u062e\u0627\u06cc\u06d5\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06ce\u0634\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06d5\u0631 \u0628\u06d5\u0633\u0648\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06d5. \u062e\u06d5\u0633\u06b5\u06d5\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0648\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5\u0695\u06ce\u06cc &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10064,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405,152],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-405","category-152"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - 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